Computer language is a medium of communication used to communicate between people and computers. With the help of computer language, a programmer instructs the computer what it wants to do.
All computer languages have a terminology that has a definite clear meaning that can be found in the manual for that language. Therefore, each symbol in a computer language is used to tell the computer to perform a particular task.
The symbols of a particular computer language must also be used according to set rules, known as syntactic rules of the language. Computers, being a machine, are only receptive to precise terminology used correctly according to the syntax rules of the language being used. Thus, in the case of computer language, if we want to be understood by the computer, we must follow the exact rules of the language.
Unless a programmer properly follows the syntax rules of the programming language, even with correct punctuation, his commands will not be understood by the computer.
Just as computer hardware has improved, programming languages have also improved over the years. They have progressed from machine-oriented languages that use strings of binary 1s and 0s to problem-oriented languages that use common mathematical and/or English words. However, all computer languages can be classified into the following four broad categories-
Low Level Language
Machine Language
Assembly Language
first generation language
second generation language
High-Level Language
Third Generation Language
Fourth Generation Language
Fifth Generation Language
We will now study the development and nature of each type of language in the next chapter.
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